Answer the questions Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Answer the questions - Movie Review ExampleIn Waking Life, the movie is about an mortal who has founds numerous avenues through the aspirations of individuals. The principal actor easily walks through the dreams of people to assess their thoughts. The movie tries to search to find out answers where other individuals are not seeking for answers. An interesting film that has entertaining ethereal characters that spend time discussing theories and ideas. The main actor is concerned with determining the difference between dreams.The subconscious wiz is a powerful tool in the head of many individuals. Most people believe that the theme is the place where most different things happen. It is in the mind that most individuals experience intuitions. In addition to, it is in the mind that people exist beyond their physical bodies. Cobb has a strong connection with his dreams and his subconscious mind. The dreams in the movie inception indicate the alertness of the most of the actors in the movie. The subconscious mind of Cobb comes from his subconscious mind. The brain is a powerful tool that can interpret information. The information the brain uses it gets to make sense of heterogeneous sources. Thieves in the movie are aware of the actions of that are happening. In the movie Inception, there is some man shown by the thieves.2. trance architecture and dream logic are profoundly exhibited in the two movies. Dream architecture helps the mind to score myths in the mind of humans. The fallacies are well incorporated into the movies, and they motivate the viewers to want to see more (Som.org). The producers use the fallacies to create a mental picture to the audiences. The use of dream architecture to constructs images in the mind of the viewers. In the world, there are places that are the producer uses illusion to create messages in the mind of the viewers. The brain processes information for the mind to interpret. This factor enables the production of inception and waking life. The

Marketing Study on Apple Company Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5500 words

Marketing reckon on orchard apple tree Company - Assignment ExampleThe computer industry incorporates a broad roll up of products, from mp3 players / iPods and printers to person-to-person computers and powerful servers (Linzmayer, 2004, P. 103). Businesses have difficulty working in the computer industry, specifically because of the active environment of technology.In accordance to Moores law, the numbers of transistors per square inch on integrated circuits will figure every 18 months (Linzmayer, 2004, P. 103), and costs will be decreased. This indicates that even the leading companies are required to pinch very active and updated, as the industry is persistently changing and redefining its parameters.Apple Inc. has lately made headlines by penetrating into the cell phone trade with its launch of the Apple iPhone. Apple as swell has an great range of computer products together with personal computers, computer accessories, servers, networking solutions, and software packag es (Linzmayer, 2004, P. 103). Presently having a market get by of 58 percent among the cell phone market, and staying on a profitable 5 percent of the personal computer market, Apple has constantly maintains its name within the industry by keeping an eye for aesthetics as well as inventiveness, together with easy to use, pioneering products.Apple has most successfully highly-developed the competitive strategies that let businesses in this industry to stay lucrative. Apple is renowned for its distinguished as well as innovative products, and dependable customer base. This joined with the halo effect from iPhone sales is likely to salary increase general market voice and enhanced position Apple to remove market share from its rivals. In addition, Apple presents the maximum percentage of its sales to Research and Development, which better positions itself to have the benefit of primary performer benefit with the introduction of latest products. Apple has the maximum gross profit m argin among its rivals because of its higher costs, and is wholly in charge for letting Apple to stay afloat within the personal computer market by a meager 4 percent market share. On the other hand, Apples spare no expense philosophy in producing high quality differentiated goods drastically reduces its world power to translate a larger portion of gross profit into net profit (Cruikshank, 2005, p. 72). Apple has the finis operating expense ratio in addition to the lowest net profit margin with its rivals. If Apple is capable of cutting down on operating cost and make use of a some of the standard policies used by Dell, they will be capable of converting additional profits into earnings per share Apple has many internal strong pints that make it a triumphant as well as competitive business. Apple has a dominant foothold within the personal computer marketplace by being different with its pioneering approach and user-friendliness. Its operating system is created domestically, kee ping it free from

Theology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 3

Theology - Essay ExampleThe West and America for instance ar known for being liberal and seeking to export values such as economic, political and hearty liberalism, civil rights and liberty. The Oriental is known for its diligent and the African, its strong cultural and conservative values. Because of this, when engaging in international or regional athleticism, an athlete is deemed as having significantly marketed his country and his countrys values upon winning.Again, the lead that athletes carry values of their training into societies in such a way that the society reflects these values is desirable of credence, since sportsmen and athletes training programmes argon usually guided by values such as discipline and backbreaking work. The part of discipline compels and guides the athletes diet, drug behaviour, civilian lifestyle in light of patriotism, consistency in practicing and maintaining tenacity while in the actual competition. Although the Jamaican long-distance runner Usain Bolt is seen to have physical emolument in athletics, yet it is his privation of tenacity and seriousness in the race that made the American marathoner Tyson Gay to defeat him twice on 5 August 2010 and on 5 June 2013. Likewise, it is diligence as a value that constrains the athlete to keep training consistently and to stick to a training manual that the instructor or sports trainer or manager has prescribed. Similarly, the plausibility of this standpoint is furthered attested to by the circumstance that the undisciplined or the sluggish seldom win sports contests or athletics because indiscipline, inadequate practice and lack of preparations readily co-occur with physical unfitness. Thus, when a sportsman or athlete wins, it is his hard work and disciplines important values that are acknowledged, in lieu of natural giftedness.In light of the above, upon the finalisation of the marathon and the rewarding of exemplary

Persuasive memo Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Persuasive memo - Coursework Examplerse was specifically earnd to cater the necessitate of the busy individuals such as myself as the courses are designed for weekend class attendance and profits correspondence between the professor and the student during weekdays. As such, I do not expect either scheduling conflicts to arise between my work schedule and class hours.Upon my completion of the course, I plan to fissure myself up to the company as a trainer for incoming agents who will be answering the email inquiries of the Cignal clients. I will be fitting to transfer my knowledge of proper writing habits and presenting oneself through the create verbally word which is a skill that most of our agents still need to perfect. The company will be able to save thousands of dollars in hiring outside trainers once I complete the course. We will be able to create our own in house training system using the knowledge I will be gaining and therefore, offer the company continuous savings i n terms of agent training.I have been a part of Cignal for the past 5 years and I have always taken every opportunity to help advance the business of our company. It is my greatest hope that you will find me worthy of financial assume in the amount of Five Thousand Dollars ($5,000.00) so that I can continue to further perfect my skills for the benefit of our

Maketing Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Maketing Report - set about ExampleCurrently, Fashion Sense is establish on providing popular wear to teenagers and young adults. However, roughly of this caters to the jejuneness that be in the United States. Since Fashion Sense is at an international level, there is the need to strike popular trends that are based on fresher concepts and fusion wear that can be used in different countries. To begin, Fashion Sense will need to develop a line of products and second cross off name that can be used within a different market. To begin, there will be an analysis of the most popular areas that are aspect into international trends which are considering the option of moving into occidental styles. Fusion wear is now becoming popular in places such as Singapore, eastern Asia and move of India. However, the melting pot regions in these areas are also known to be more conservative than most of the Western wear styles. For Fashion Sense to move into this region is the need to develop a new line of products that is specific to each area, specifically with a focus on trends and styles that are incorporated into the Eastern regions (Patel, 2010).Since international trends are becoming more popular in Eastern regions, but there are still cultural borders, Fashion Sense will be most effective by looking into a product line and brand name that is specific to each region. Creating a brand based on western wear while combining different aspects of ethnic looks will provide an approach for trends that can easily be accepted in the culture while remaining fashion forward. more importantly, this line of products will help to diversify and establish the product line of Fashion Sense. By creating this counterbalance of products, there will be the ability to move into more than one target market for young person while remaining fashion forward with the line of products.The traditional promotions of Fashion Sense will be the first way in which the line is promoted. The mar keting mix of the product, price, place and promotion will be

How technologies can be used to make the border system stronger Dissertation

How technologies butt joint be used to make the border system stronger - Dissertation simulationThe topic of research is based on the concept of border security. In the past, the researcher has worked in the country of origin gage Centers of Excellence and it is through his experience at the department that directed him towards basing his research project on border security. Homeland Security dispatches a range of resources and funds to the federal, state and the local governments, allowing the amalgamation of a number of individually-operating agencies into a collective whole. The agencies work in quislingism with each other for the achievement of shared out objectives. These objectives aim to uphold the integrity and security of the country and subserve to provide the utmost protection to the US population. The Homeland Security Centers of Excellence operate under the Office of University Programs and aim to recruit and attract historied researchers and enthusiasts for carryi ng out research programs. The research brings together professionals from various fields and uses their expertise to come up with solutions for homeland security. Each research center is affiliated with a university and their research ventures are supported and collaborated upon by a number of agencies including think tanks, laboratories, and private institutions. The research work carried out at the Security Centers is in situation with the research requirements of the divisions of the Department of Homeland SecurityScience and Technology Directorate. The collaboration helps to deliver top-of-the-line technology solutions for the problems approach the Department as well as the country on the whole (U.S. Department of Homeland Security 2009). In particular, one of the Centers, National Center for Border Security and Immigration, is focused on the promotion and sweetener of border security. This was the Center that I was associated with. The Centre is led and supported by two univ ersities one existence the research co-lead while the other is the education co-lead. The Center is committed to the development of technologies, tools and sophisticated procedures to regulate and monitoring device immigration and business across the borders. This involves the development of projects that promote border security and make it stronger and more effective. in that location are a number of aspects relating to borders security that the Center focuses on these include risks and weaknesses, better oversight and screening, summary of immigration patterns and improvements in immigration law enforcement (U.S. Department of Homeland Security 2009). The conditions that stupefy developed afterward the 9/11 have exposed many gaps in the security and watch mechanisms. These gaps and vulnerabilities have ferment yet more acute in light of pressing security demands after the rise in terrorism over the previous years. Besides the post-9/11 conditions and terrorism there are ot her factors that have necessitated a revision of the immigration and border security systems. These include greater security reviews, insufficient collaboration with NGOs and the government, disputed policy tensions etc (Kerwin 2011). My research question is how important is border security today and what measures can be taken to improve it? The research project focuses in particular on the development and enforcement of better surveillance mechanisms and advanced technologies for regulating the influx of immigrants as well as goods such as false documents, misbranded medicines, drugs and other illegal items. The project focuses on various aspects associated with development of such technologies, including their pros and cons. One of the key features that guarantees the succeeder of a research project is the amount of information collected regarding it. Keeping this in mind, the research objectives can be defined as follows Revisiting the importance of border security Identifying the need to develop better methods of surveillance and border security Reviewing the available literature and successful technologies used

Individual Differences (psychology) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Individual Differences (psychology) - Essay ExampleIt is fair to say that the Renaissance was a crucial period in the advancement of robust theories pertaining to soul differences among homophiles. At the outset, it is important to note that homosexual behaviour and personality is much more difficult to understand than that of animals. And more than any other species, human behaviour is subject to interpretation and conjecture, not always leading to easy inferences. Studying individual differences is still thwarted by the fact that human behaviour is an emergent reality and not a ameliorate whizz. As our species is provided with an ever increasing repository of knowledge, its behaviour too simultaneously evolves to fit the new reality. Hence, Wilsons by-line observation is pivotal to understanding differences among humansToday, the greatest divide within humanity is not betwixt races, or religions, or even, as widely believed between literate and illiterate. It is the chasm t hat separates scientific from pre-scientific cultures....Without the instruments and accumulated knowledge of the pictorial sciences--physics, chemistry, and biology--humans are trapped in a cognitive prison. They invent ingenious speculations and myths about the origin of the trammel waters, of the sun and the sky and the stars above, and the meaning of their own existence. But they are wrong, always wrong, because the world is too removed from ordinary experience to be merely imagined. (Lubinski, 2000)A proven theoretical framework of analysing individual differences is the one based on evolutionary biology. Within this broad framework is the specialized study of human child intelligence. Since the nature of early intelligence is nonverbal, it is closely linked to primate evolution, and hence helps us gain insights into the origins of individual differences in human intelligence. Within the ontogeny of infant intelligence, variation between individuals is restricted by

A Psychological History of the German Film Essay - 2

A mental History of the German Film - Essay ExampleHowever, in the news coverage, the objective of the films original authors seemed distorted. In Wienes version, the story is screened with Caligari more of a conformist rather than Janowitzs and Mayers intention of portraying the film as a revolutionary one.Wienes version of the film Caligari utilizes intense presentation to demonstrate the fantasies of a madman. The use of pictures bonds well with the audience, who develop a clear understanding of the range and gestures used. The film is basically a blatant expression of psychological issues. Caligari depicts how the film industry has developed from old-fashioned periods. It uses motion pictorial presentation to convey the themes covered to its audience. Caligari portrays life amidst and after the war, exhibiting the error of Hitler. The film covers the verity that the Germans had gone through during the war and the illumination of the scenes was such that it appeared soul-orie nted. Caligari presents the evolution of cinema in the 19th nose candy as new techniques emerged.

Information Enclosed Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

learning Enclosed - Essay ExampleHowever, question arises if digression of wo men from their traditional roles was the only factor causing this pitch or were their elements too, that resulted in this transformation. A careful analysis of current corporate and social policies would indicate that women spend a penny been given a chance to participate equally in almost every field of life. From army to social work, even running big enterprises, women have undertaken major leading roles in different organizations. In order to facilitate women with these responsibilities different facilities like childcare, flexible working hours, work from home, have been introduced. However, it is important to gauge if participation in other fields of life was actually necessary for women. Before World contend I, women were confined to their traditional roles of a house keeper who was responsible for maintain the house, raising kids and in retrospective, victorious care of agricultural activities and cattle rearing in family farms. With advent of new technology, most of traditional methods of cultivation were modified. It is important to none that women were responsible for growing and preserving food because there were no other methodologies available. Furthermore, technological changes not only brought changes to family life but also affected economic preferences as well. After World fight I, the concept of New Girl emerged which was a reflection of new empowered and liberal women who was fetching on new responsibilities. After Great Depression, responsibilities of women increased greatly due to lack of economic resources (Abelson 105). Along with taking care of family, most of them were forced to work to earn their living as divorce rates and trends of men leaving their families unsupported increased greatly. Although the trend changed after World War II, and era of 1940s to fifties was of male dominance but role of women in economic and social activities could not be ignored. With growing of baby boomers and Xers, womens participation in national workforce increased greatly after mid-fifties (Boyd 650). A critical analysis of a famous TV show, Leave It to Beaver illustrated men and womens roles in the normal American family. With Ward pearly being the head and bread earner of the family, June Cleaver was demonstrated as regular adult female who was busy maintaining a house and taking care of her family speckle performing chores like washing, cleaning and cooking (Shaffer n.p). Comparison of this TV series to another recent TV series, Modern Family would also show Clair Dunphy as a woman who preferred her family over career. She is a multi-tasking woman who is highly concerned about her house and kids. She is often seen as busy with driving for different planetary house chores, community work and even doing extra things like running for Town Council. Hence, she is a house married woman but the definition of house wife has transformed as s he seems to be busy with driving children, arrangement their school functions and managing community drives. A comparison of these two sitcoms illustrates that overall family structure has changed greatly which of course

Supervision requires the active communication of leadership skills Essay

Supervision requires the fighting(a) communication of leadership skills that results in a climate where self-motivation takes place - Essay ExampleSupervision requires the agile communication of leadership skills that results in a climate where self-motivation takes place. It is alternatively important to encourage self-motivation in a take formplace since this is the surest way of ensuring that employees perform their task as recommended. Different persons are motivated by unalike factors and as such achieving self-motivation towards work in a given work environment is in virtually cases not easy. For instance, a larger proportion of workers in various workplaces are usually motivated by currency. Such people will, therefore, in most cases are likely to perform tasks so long as they are assured of payment.Another category of people may be motivated by money but do not like doing work. They will, therefore, try to avoid work by all means. severe supervision is, therefore, nec essary in order for this group to perform tasks properly. The last category involves people who score the passion for work and would thus not only be motivated by money, but rather through doing what they enjoy. Minimum or even no supervision at all is all it takes for work to be done efficiently by this category.

Conservation of the Everglades National Park Research Paper

conservation of the Everglades National greens - Research Paper ExampleThe car park is home to several species of wildlife such as herons, egrets, wood storks, red-shouldered hawks, snail kites, wild turkeys, woodpeckers, and warblers. In addition, it is the solely special K in the world with two contrastive species of animals coexisting in the same ecosystem. For example, alligators, commonly found in temperate climatic zones, live with crocodiles, only found in equatorial zones. Since the Park receives both fresh pee and salt wet supply from different sources, plants and animals from temperate and tropical climatic zones are a common feature. Funding from external sources is necessary to support conservation programs aimed at preserving the existing ecosystem, as well as develop lasting solutions to slow down the effects of globular warming on the Parks flora and fauna. Diversity and biological interrelationships among the life forms in the athletic field During the dry se ason often experienced between December and April, the alligator digs out bigger holes in the limestone that provides shelter for turtles, insects, wading birds, and fish. These holes provide a secure place for these animals to cool down during the twenty-four hour period before returning to their habitats at night (Spoolman & Miller, 2011). Moreover, during the wet seasons, alligators spread out the marshes floating on the water to make way for wading birds and other freshwater animals. The life cycle of the snail kites is dependent upon the availableness of the apple snail, which is its staple prey in the Park. Due to the seasonal water flow affecting the Park, the population of the apple snails is diminishing, endangering the survival of the snail kites. Thus, conservancy strategies have been put in place to control the use of water in the Park so as to reverse the current seasonal dry spells that, for years, have interrupt the Parks ecosystem. For there to be a stable balance between the predators and their prey, conservancy programs should be sculptured towards reversing the effects of global warming currently affecting the flora and fauna native to the Park (Balint, Stewart, Desai, & Walters, 2011). mangrove trees provide nesting grounds for different species of birds living in the Park. Furthermore, snakes prey on these birds for survival, thus keeping the mangrove forest intact would strengthen this food chain, providing a balance between the two species dominant in the Park. Human intrusions threatening the Park Although the Park is protected from the inside, its surroundings are constantly being washed-up by human activities, such as building furnishs to redirect water from the river for irrigation. The water channeled off the Park is being utilized by the neighboring communities to water their plantations, as well as for domestic use. Besides, the canals major objective is to control flooding during the rainy season when water from the springs overflows to the plantations surrounding the Park (Parrish, 2011). Water from the River of Grass is currently being used to irrigate sugarcane plantations located between the Park and Lake Okeechobee. It is said that the river no longer flows to the Park as it used to when the Park was opened since most of the water is being tapped for domestic and industrial use.

Making business decisions and ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Making air decisions and ethics - Essay Example morality involves do decisions between right and wrong. Following all the rules and regulations is a good thing for a course enterprise, but it does not mean that a person is being ethical. Ethics are subjective and its use depends on the circumstance. For example a high society in order to maximize shareholders wealth break ups to fire super acid employees. The move power be a wise business move, but some people might consider it wrong because the tight put out of work people that needed those product lines. Ethical standards substitute depending on the culture. In many Asian countries paying off bribes to governmental officials is viewed by many as a standard business practice. In the United States paying off a bribe is considered an unethical act. 2 In the normal course of making business decisions, there are many instances where find the exact opportunity cost for a project or opportunity is not possible. The best someti mes i can hope for is being able to calculate a reasonable estimate for precise opportunity based on known parameters and assuming certain outcomes. For example ane might decide six months ago that a specific process improvement project for a product specify is better than investing in the development of a new improved product line, but after(prenominal) finishing the process improvements unexpected changes in technology significantly lower the demand for the product making it obsolete. There is a high level of uncertainty in business and factors such as changes in the economic, social or business environment can have a detrimental effect on previous assumptions .3. Rising interest rates can have a detrimental effect in the ability of a firm to obtain new financing since overall financing costs forget increase. If the businesses current and long term liabilities are under a variable interest the firm is to the full exposed to interest rate risks, unless interest rate hedging is incorporated in the caller-ups financial structure. If the firm has a fixed rate for their liabilities, an increase in the interest rates will raise the market survey since it would trade at a discount but would not affect the book protect of the liability unless financing terms are modified or the liability is refinanced. 4. A few geezerhood ago I worked at an organization in which there was absolutely a complete need of ethics by the administration. The firm did not believe in treating the employees with respect. Every pay cycle the company would steal hours worked from different employees in order to pay them less. The payment of payroll was always late. Sometimes the payroll would be late as much as two to three weeks. The company promised paying business incentives and then it decided not to pay them. This place was a breeding ground for unethical behavior. 5. To me one of the biggest ethical scandals in the last few decades is the Nike Corporation fiasco. Nike Corpor ation is a firm that generates billions of dollars in gross sales annually. At the end of the 1990s Nike was involved in the utilization of sweetshops to manufacture its products. Imagine a company that charges on many of its shoe models between $100 and $150 paying its workers a few cents per hour. It is black and inhumane. The workers in these sweetshops were exposed to horrible working conditions. 6. Possibly the biggest accounting scandal in the history of business is the Enron case. This case involved a company that violated all ethical standards you can think of. The managerial staff of the company was composed of a bunch of gangsters. Prior to the price of the stock losing all its value the executives sold off their shares using insider information. The pension blood was horribly administered since the company invested the majority of the pension fund on Enron stocks. 7. To truly know whether a business decision is the best alternative available one must consider opportuni ty costs. Take for example a person that decides to give up his job in order to open a zealous dog stand. The entrepreneur is generating $2000 a month from the hot dog business. The person is making a

Legal aspects of doing business in the Middle East Essay

Legal aspects of doing business in the Middle East - Essay Example regular though the arrangement has do the growth of broad and planned sanctioned systems feasible, these are inflexible and located to a certain extent, and this represents the system of government of directive that is linked with nations within the Middle East field of force as a whole. Since its foundation in 1971, the UAE has placed a provisional establishment, which quickly has changed into a still one. This took place later the national state of the UAE attained its constancy dedicated towards a fair strategy, and made cultural alterations and huge achievements at the local, provincial and global levels in addition to further development for the peck of this nation this would be among the virtually flourishing practices of alliance. This constitution clarifies the major regulations of the political and constitutional management of the state. Actually, it has revealed the winder reason of organization of the federation, its ideas and elements on the local and district levels. It has as well elaborated on the most important communal and financial pillars of federation and stressed public rights, responsibilities and freedoms (Campbel, 2009). ... ments to the constitution are drafted by the national Supreme Council, and must be approved by a two-thirds majority of the Federal National Council, after which the amendment is signed into law by the president (Campbel, 2009). Main Provisions The Federal Supreme Council is the main legal indicator within the UAE. It is the major governmental and decision-making organization. It ascertains general regulations and endorses federal legislation. The leaders of Dubai and Abu Dhabi hold veto power (Campbel, 2009). The establishment manages the link amid the federal government and the emirate governments via the central government related controls and leaving an indefinite piece of hidden authorities to the emirates. Every emirate has power on its own oil and mineral assets and a hardly a(prenominal) matters of inner safety. The federal government emphasizes dominance in nearly all issues related to regulation and government. governance allocates jobs to the federal government in the fields of foreign affairs, defense and protection, ethnicity and migration concerns, learning, health care system, coinage, communication methods, calling affairs, banking, distribution of territorial waters and criminals exile. It also permits the transference of governmental power located within the meat onto neighboring federal associations, mainly the financial center in Dubai. The change sets an example for the growth of the federal power. The federal constitution facilitates the leaders of the emirates, nonetheless, to resign, if they would like to, in some specific areas of power recommended as organism the duty of particular emirates to the federal rule. The verdict to join the military is an illustration of this right. The fede ral constitution also allows all emirates to preserve

Strategic management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Strategic solicitude - Essay ExampleBy using the SWOT analysis (Yelken, et al., 2012, p.267) that was carried break through by the Global Data party over the familiarity, we are able to understand the companys strengths, opportunities, weaknesses as surface as threats. The analysis reveals its strengths as extensive operating network and branding offerings. The company however has the major pull back to her operations being the enormous losses it has continuously suffered though it has opportunities to expand in her operations and increase the market share. Moreover, it has other threats, which include high competitive pressures as comfortably as over-stringent regulations. However, there is the need to evaluate the strategic plans that the company has in place in regulating and propelling its operations (Global Data company, 2013, para 1). The company has a well-written strategy concerning the way of develop and exploiting a further competitive front within its pub as well as create from raw material sector. This strategic vision is based on the already existing positions in the market, its employees capabilities as well as skills together with its traditionally designed model of business, which is vertically integrated. Moreover, the company has a business behind drive to continuously outperform other players within the market in the different segments of her operations. The company has a well established investment program, which champions its way in selecting business sites, and thus developing newer restaurants. The company claims to set about thorough analysis before establishing new pub buildings which are modern and appropriate in terms of trading and which offer the customers convenience and value for the services. The company establishes fair, long-lasting and transparent kind of agreements with its licensees which rent their undertake and tenanted pubs. It also enjoys long life expertise and experience in operating leases premises. Moreov er, this company offers eatable for long-term lease agreements to the licensees and offers pricing mechanisms on free trade as well as free-of-tie options. In order to underpin the operational development within her managed facilities, Marston company operates under a plan called the F-plan, which refers to food, females, 40/fifty some things and families. The plan was developed and adopted back in 2006, and was meant to have long-term effects. The company also enjoys designing differentiated brew brands purely designed to increase the consumers demand as well as providing greater range of choices to consumers. The company has exploited the niche in the country through well-organized distribution of her products across the replete(p) country from the running five breweries. In financial terms, the company has huge debts, which comprises 90% long-term debts which are secured through its wide distribution of free hold assets in terms of pubs and which fetches dispirited interest rates. However, the current strategy and target is to reduce the net debt by a ratio stipulated by EBITDA to see off at least a five times reduction capacity is realized within three years. This is postulated to be aided by raising return to capital across the entire groups operations (Marstons, nd, para 1-5) Strategic management refers to the analysis of major initiatives and programs undertaken by the management of a company on behalf of the entrepreneurs revolving the effective use of resources as well as general death penalty

Marketing Myopia and article critiques Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Marketing Myopia and article critiques - adjudicate ExampleLevitt spoke of the Error of Analysis whereby, the company defines its scope inaccurately and is unable to grow because it has curtail itself. Companies tend to stop growing, not because of fall in film or increased competition, but because they were mismanaged and failed to earn their own potential and the opportunities that would have come with it had they managed themselves properly and expanded their horizons, instead of having a very light view about their business. He gives the example of the railway, which has steadily declined over the years as other vehicles lead mainstream transport. This failure is not because the demand for rail travel declined, it is because they had a product-oriented instead of customer-oriented approach (Levitt, 1960). In the identical vein, the TV business is bigger than the film business ever was, just because Hollywood restricted itself to movies by categorizing itself as being in th e film business and not the entertainment business and massively constraining its horizons. To explain the reverse side of the argument, TV is a success story because it has not restricted itself to whiz category. ... Levitt talks of the Shadow of Obsolescence whereby companies stop growing once their products lose the sparkle, this often happens when a specific let of their product that was supposed to have been bringing in the demand, becomes outdated and easily substituted by competition with time. He gives the example of the dry cleaning labor. Once thriving because it provided an effective way to clean wool garments, the assiduity is straightway dwindling as synthetic fibers replace wool, ones which are easier to clean and the dry cleaning industry becomes obsolete due to innovative products such as automatic washing machines. Another mistake is the tribe Myth whereby companies assume that a growing population is synonymous with a growing market demand and the Idea of I ndispensability whereby companies think they are safe from competition because their product is irreplaceable. This lulls them into a false virtuoso of security and they end up functioning under a complacent strategy. An example of this scenario is the petroleum industry due to its elaborate success throughout its history the petroleum industry has become complacent in its strategy and assumes safely that as long as the worlds population keeps growing, its customer motif will forever increase. Complacency however, makes the industry myopic to the fact that many people are now becoming environment conscious and are interested in adopting alternative forms of energy that do not pollute, unlike petroleum products. Another mistake is due to Production Pressures, since companies are so engrossed in meeting production quota deadlines they lose focus of their

Professional development plan for a teacher Assignment

headmaster outgrowth plan for a teacher - Assignment ExampleThis research will begin with the account that article of faith is a complex profession that needs teachers to incorporate both the technological innovation and the maneuver of their art in order to impact studies. However, the people involved in the profession like teachers at times fail to see the complexity hence implemented the arts have little or no effect. Therefore, technological innovation of teaching demands to know study theory and how the brain functions. The art of teaching needs teachers to synthesize content, procedure, products, and environmental resources to create engaging studying actions that enhance the success of diverse students. Moreover, teachers moldiness perfect the art and technological innovation of teaching in a world that is recognized by rapid change increased social variety and signifi tooshiet progression and application of information. Such a world needs educational institutions to enh ance what is certified, how it is certified, the stage to which students know what is certified, and the components required to coming back up studying among employees and students. According to Sousa & Tomlinson, the Professional Growth and Performance Plan explain a procedure that awards differences among teachers, encourages serious change, and provides concrete reserve for enhancing studying and teaching. Teachers and administrators perform together to evaluation performance on requirements, talk intimately ways to enhance studying and teaching, and identify professional growth goals... Purpose five and the actions particular that support this goal has been designed for those educators whos Expert Growth Activities/Plans involves helping other teachers develop professionally (Sousa & Tomlinson, 2011). several(prenominal) of the places my goals will concentrate on include 1. Mindset, learning environment and differentiation 2. Curriculum and differentiation 3. sound judgment and differentiation 4. Student readiness and differentiation 5. Student interest and differentiation 6. Student learning indite and differentiation 7. Managing a differentiated classroom The general activities I will engage in to crystallise my goals and develop professionally include 1. I will enhance my teaching abilities to be capable to unwrap support special needs students by staying current with new educational methods through professional development in-services, classes and alternatives. 2. I will support and help teacher entry season teachers to help them become powerful unique information teachers by guidance and referring to my information, teaching methods and components used dealing with special needs students. 3. I will obtain the information required to gather information, create components and put into place personalized studying /behavior programs that are appropriate for personal autistic children by dealing with the school system autism medical specialist an d by getting element autism classes. 4. I will enhance my abilities in teaching students so they can enhance higher student studying by getting my Experts Degree in Curriculum Development. 5. I will obtain several methods to enhance and indicate upon my group place teaching to be able to become a

Enron scandal Essay Example for Free

Enron scandal EssayEnron shocked the world from being Americas more or less innovative company to Americas biggest corporate bankruptcy at its time. At its peak, Enron was Americas seventh bear-sizedst corporation.From the 1990s until the fall of 2001, Enron was celebrated throughout the business world and was known as an innovator, technology powerhouse, and a corporation with no fear. The fast fall of Enron in the end of 2001 shattered not just the business world but as well as the lives of their employees. Enron gave the illusion that it was a steady company with good revenue but that was not the case, a large part of Enrons profits were made of paper. Their huge debts and information about hiding losses gave a big problem to the company and in the late 2001 Enron declared bankruptcy under Chapter 11 of the fall in States Bankruptcy Code. Kenneth Lay (Founder and CEO), Jeffrey Skilling (CEO) and Andy Fastow (CFO) found that Enron wasnt making money so what they did is i mplemented along with the approval of Arthur Andersen the future value accounting.This type of accounting was to predict the future profit that Enron was sacking to make and list it as part of there future profit to the shareholders. This creative accounting lead to Fastow to create outside companies that were instantaneously involved with Enron to hide the losses the companies made. These companies were named after Star Wars characters. As Enron announced big numbers to ring Street, people began to take notice of this company and started to buy shares of the company. Enron even encouraged their employees to buy shares of Enron and the price of Enron was going up to as high as $90. Enron executives were bullies to the investment companies. When a financial adviser questioned their crockeds regarding Enron stock, Enron would pay the firm to get rid of the employee. As Enron got bigger, the company was collecting more losses and hiding them well. Enron hit the authorize when the ir stock hit $90 and then things were starting to fall apart. A writer at Forbes clip called Enron impressive them that she was going to release an article about Enron and not releasing their financial statements. Enron executives flew to New York telling her not to release the article but the next week, Forbes released the article questioning Enrons financial.

Saturday morning Essay Example for Free

Saturday morning EssayLaura had just moved to a untried argona and wanted to join a football monastic order. She saw an advert in the composition for a local football club wanting to expand and gain more members. The advert stated everyone welcome. Laura decided that she would go along to the club to try and make some new friends and get complicated in some physical activity to keep fit and support fun. She arrived at the club on a Saturday morning where her m separate went and had a conversation with the coach regarding Lauras place at the club. Meanwhile the secure up had already started taking place and the coach and her mother insisted that Laura should go and join in. Laura felt approximately uncomfortable, as she immediately joined in with the flying up with the group of boys. As part of the warm up the group was split and had to do relays, Laura was inevitably the last one picked, When it came to the relay the assistant instructor taking the warm up did not take t he date to stage Laura to the group. When it came to the relay, Laura did not understand the skeleton instructions and didnt do very well.Instead of encouragement from fellow participants shouting her name and helping her on, she hear sexist remarks and sighs from her group. She left soon after that with her mother, claiming that football wasnt for her This situation could have been easily prevented, should the coach have been present and introduced Laura to the group, explaining that she was new to the area and wanted to participate in football. In turn this would have caused the other participants to take note of the fact that she was new and maybe they would have been more understanding.Taking into account that she was the notwithstanding female in the group, more effort should have been mad to make her feel comfortable and introduce her properly to other participants and the assistant coach. Should this have happened then Laura would have found her first experience in the cl ub not as daunting and embarrassing as it was, with exercises and drills being demonstrated to her patiently, making genuine that she understood properly. Again, this demonstration of events displays lack of care to apply the correct ethics and values.This type of problem skunk be prevented in your club by means of ensuring that you are sure to introduce any new members and c turn a lossly monitor the conduct of the existing members towards one another, and new members. This can easily be hold with effort and care to guarantee that your members are happy. Also you must ensure that any exercises, drills or games are explained properly by you, or your coaches as to avoid embarrassment and confusion for all participants in the activity. moorage Study 3 o Tareqs school basketball squad were becoming extremely in(predicate) in their league.They had been training hard for months to complete in large tournaments across the country. Their coach had always encouraged them and pushed th em to their limits in order to get maximum benefit for the team. Things started going downhill and the coach took less and less by-line in the team, and they started going to less tournaments as they were supposedly cancelled or something was wrong with the minibus. Their coach had been accept large sums of money to keep the team away from large competitions and media attention, and instead another team was in the public eye and was seen to be doing extremely well. This is a problem which can occur when a team starts doing well and receiving more and more awards and recognition. Bribes or sums of money, no matter how tempting, should never be taken or considered. It hinders the progress of a team greatly and can become disheartening for participants and even cause them to lose interest in their sport. To deal with this successfully, I would suggest that you report the concerned team coach/ individual chaping the bribe to the organisation making the tournaments possible.This way ot her genuine teams can also do well and a fair competition can take place. Also your team can remain to train hard and gain confidence. Nothing should come between training your team hard and successful performances. This way your team members remain happy, fairly treated and can rest assured that they are sincerely working hard to get where they are-unlike teams with cheating, lying coaches who want recognition for their team and think it is appropriate to offer money or bribes to other coaches.Erase any possibility of these scenarios in the future by applying well(p) ethics and values to all situations within your club, and making all participants, members and parents/guardians aware of the fact that your club is following(a) a strict ethics and value based policy, and they can consult you at any time should they feel insecure or uncomfortable. I hope that this information will help you to make your club as successful as possible and that you gain respect for being a well reck oning and secure environment. Your reputation should ensure that you keep existing members and attract many new ones.

Paraphrasing and Summarizing Essay Example for Free

Paraphrasing and Summarizing look forIs there a difference between paraphrasing and summarizing? What is it? How do you know when it is most appropriate to use unmatchable or the otherwise in an academic paper? In academic writing there ar many do nons to refrain from in writing academically. Two of the do nons that relates to paraphrasing and summarizing are * Do not copy from other peoples work * Do not simply copy talking to and phrases from the question paper try to use your own row at all times by paraphrasing the question. These points explain there is a difference between paraphrasing and summarizing.Paraphrasing is selecting the informant or writer works and referencing the ideas that are used. As well as using your own words in a length that will capture the audience attention. Summarizing is related to your ideas and thoughts of what the writer or pen discuss. Plotnick (2012),Paraphrase and summary are indispensable hammers in essay writing because they allo w you to include other peoples ideas without cluttering up your essay with quotations. They help you take greater control of your essay.Consider relying on either tool when an idea from one of your character references is important to your essay but the wording is not. You should be guided in your pickaxe of which tool to use by considerations of space. But above all, think about how much of the detail from your source is relevant to your argument. If all your reader needs to know is the bare bones, then summarize. Ultimately, be sure not to rely too heavily on either paraphrase or summary. Your ideas are what matter most. earmark yourself the space to develop those ideas. (para. How do I paraphrase? ).

The Existence Of Computerized Databases Essay Example for Free

The Existence Of Computerized knowledgebases EssayWhen should long-suffering be advised of the existence of computerized databases containing medical checkup schooling more or less the patient of?On AMA the patient and physician should be advised about the existence of computerized data both before and teaching is storehttp//patient.ezinemark.com/data-collection-in-a-computer-7d2eae229a7f.html website belowData collection in a computerComputerized database collection is comm single known as collection of man-sized amount of data in a computer. The information collected tin foot be organized to alter expansion, updating and retrieving for different uses. The collection of this information is organized in such a way that it can be retrieved in pieces form the organized automated system. In the medical field, the information collected concerning patients, border of treatment and former(a) medical activities that are happening in a given medical facility. 1. Should cor rections be dated and time-stamped?Collections are both amendments done on any filed record. In any medical activity, the alteration of any filed cognitive operation whitethorn cause severe consequences, indeed, any collection made should be dated and time stamped. This will help in understanding the procedure that was initially followed and the preferred procedure which in turn will even show the time and the date the amendments were done. The dating and stamping time is therefore required incase of any collections.2. When should the patient be advised of the existence of computerized databases containing medical information about the patient? The patient should be informed of the existence of a computerized database containing their information as soon as possible.his will help the patient in making decision as to whether his information should be discover or should remain anonymous. Informing the patient of existence of computerized database will help in safe guarding the pat ients right to privacy and confidentiality. Informing the patients about the existence of the system will avoid any conflict of interest between the patients and the medical practitioners in future.3. When should the patient be notified of purging of archaic or in dead-on(prenominal) information? Purging-0 is referred to as clearing of any unwanted information. When such information is noticed in the database, the patient and the medical practitioners should be notified before any action is taken. After their notification, the information should be replaced with accurate information and again they should be notified of the action taken. This will helps in safe guard the right of information in regard to their medical unconscious process. 4. When should the computerized medical database be online to the computer terminal? Online information is the information that can accessed through internet regardless of location and the necessity of information to the reader. The patients inform ation should only be available online with the consent of the patient and full information has been fully credited by the patient and the concerned physicians. The information should be clear and should not violate any right. This will help in conveying any intended information to any interested party. (Jaeho Barley 2003)5. When the computer service vanity destroys or erases records, should the erasure be verified by the agency to the physician? Should the computer service bureau erase any stored record, the information deleted should be verified by the bureau to the physician. The patient and the physician pay back the right to know any little alteration on any record. This will help in knowing what information has been erased and what significance it has as far as patients medical process is concerned. Verification of the erased data will help in fixing or replacing the data with take into account information. 6. Should individuals and organizations with access to the databas es be identified to the patient? The patient has all the rights to know who have an access to his/her information and why. This will for the respect of the patients right to privacy and confidentiality. The patient has the right to restrict or allow his/her information disclosed to the third party or a court order may allow or restrict if the patient is not in a position to act. The respect of soulalised information should be practiced and thus only the involved party has the authority over the information.7. Does the AMA moral philosophy opinion mention encryption as a technique for security? The computerized data systems have a compromising information security. The AMA opinion is that there should be controlled access to the computerized database via security procedures such as encoding, passwords, and other user identification including scan able badges. Confidentiality agreements should be made with other health-care professionals whom the office meshs with. Encryption is r ecommended if the network entails public channels of communication such as radio waves, telephone wires, and microwaves. This will increase the chances of information confidentiality. (Jerome, 2001),8. What does the ethics opinion say about manifestation by recipients of authorized data to third parties? agree to the ethics opinion, disclosure of confidential medical information from the data base should be limited to the particular(a) purpose for which the information is demanded. Nevertheless, authorized release of medical information to them does not warrant their further disclosure of the data to other individuals or organizations, or consequent use of the data for other reasons. Any person or organization found guilt of this offence it may be obscured from accessing any further information and could be charged in court for violation of patients right to privacy.ReferenceJaeho, L. Barley, M. (2003),Intelligent Agents and Multi-agent Systems sixth Pacific Rim International Wo rkshop on Multi-Agents, PRIMA, Seoul, Korea, Jerome, C. (2001), Electronic Medical Records A Guide for Clinicians and Administrators. American College of PhysiciansAmerican Society of Internal Medicine. ACP Press,-0 http//ezinemark.com/goto.php?url=http//www.uktopessays.com

The evaluation of adults returning to learning. Essay Example for Free

The evaluation of heavy(a)s move to learning. EssayThere are soldieryy advantages to guideing to learning as an great(p), which ultimately enables the individual satisfy in many positive aspects. However, amongst the advantages, it is highly probably apprehensible that an gravid student will look disadvantages to returning to learning as an adult. There is no such thing as a exemplary adult student, ergo everyone is unique. Nevertheless, it is possible to formulate conceptualise a broad understanding of the supporting arguments and contend arguments regarding returning to learning as an adult.Completing an academician course is beneficial to everyone, regardless of age, it grants them a formal qualification formal recognition of their achievements, which dirty dog then be presented as proof or eyeshot or simply kept as a personal achievement, because earning a qualification can be satisfying within its own right, building self-esteem and confidence. One of the disadvantages to returning to learning as an adult is that adult students appear to be less confident in an academic environment argue to traditional-aged students, accord to a July FOXbusiness article. This is due to an academic environment being un long-familiar to most non-traditional-aged adult college students, most adults perk up been absent from teaching method for many years, juxtaposed to traditional-ages students, 18 or above, who have entered college or university straight from A-levels. numerous adult, non-traditional college students experience fear or discomfort within the classroom due to feeling inadequate patronage being more than motivated to earn a degree compared to traditional-aged students (adult students are less distracted opposed to younger students -theyve already satisfied their impulsive urges within in their youth adults a more credibly to lever the aspect of education more so than younger students) , according to the statistics in the July FOXbu siness article. One could observe this as disadvantageous, however, it is more logical to perceive this as a chance rather than a limitation. returning(a) to education as an adult enables an opportunity to learn a superlative piece of skill, confidence.Many adults who return to learning have lost their confidence due to the negative perceptions they have of themselves, however, studying will smash and enhance ones confidence, skills and qualifications. Studying bestows upon the adult the ability to adapt to brand-new social situations and the opportunity to trust your own abilities, ergo, to indulge within the self-belief that comes from completing a course successfully, which is advantageous. Amongst other advantages, making new friends isnt a prime reason for enrolling upon a course, but many adults appreciate this as an added bonus.Linked to the gaining the importance of confidence, discovering new people who are in a similar situation with mutual interests is an effective way, of an adult who may have negative perceptions of oneself, of realising that the world around them isnt as alienating as they perceive, ergo, returning to education as an adult presents an opportunity to find yourself, which is certainly advantageous. Besides that, returning to learning as an adult has a functional advantage.It can increase career prospects and earning potential. Despite recent difficulties faced by graduates and school-leavers, it be the case that people with academic or vocational qualifications are more likely to be employed. Adults specially find that returning to education increases their opportunity choices regarding career.Also, abiding by national statistics, in 2001, research conducted by LSE found that by gaining a degree a woman can earn up to 26% more than a woman who does non continue her education beyond A LEVELS. A man can earn about 23% more by completing a degree course. some other advantage for adults who are returning to learning is that education for some is a means to escape the familiar routines that they commit to. Many adults may be un knowing or perhaps many adults might be experience the sense of being unfulfilled in their working or social environments.These negative emotions, trine to unwanted actions such as relationships being affected negatively with others. On the other hand, when an individual is happy feeling fulfilled, relationships improve. Some adults find that unhappiness or stress at work leads to arguments at home. once education has been used as a means to escape this unhappy working environment, the arguments lessen or disappear completely. Adults find also that relationships with their children improve they feel more of an affinity with their children, understanding the stresses and strains which are places on them within the education system. Thusly, returning to learning as an adult is advantageous regarding the improvement of relationships through increase the perception of ones self -worth and therefor, feeling fulfilled.On the contrary however, returning to education has the capability to negatively affect relationships. move to school as an adult requires juggling class schedules with family life, work and other personal commitments. Mature students forge concerns about finding enough time for family members and how to deal with a partner who may not appreciate the idea, according to Deborah Neuheisel, an adult student adviser for the University of Wisconsin-Barron County. One imperative disadvantage to returning to learning as an adult are the financial limitations. An adult may have responsibilities that conventional aged students might not have, such as bills or perhaps a family to provide for.However, the challenge of finding adequate resources to stemma a college education provides strong motivation to finish the effort. As a result, adult students are more likely to understand the value of an education and better positioned to focus on what they want to learn. Furthermore, there are sources of government funding that an adult student is entitled to such as, grants and bursaries. Ultimately, it is most advantageous to return to an academic environment as an adult, if required, it will supply one with a formal acknowledgement of achievement which can be used to increase career prospects but amongst all other functions, it enables one the opportunity to draw the brain, divert from conventional routine, be given a voice and opportunity to put their thoughts and values prior the opportunity to inspire be inspired.

Christianity and Islam Essay Example for Free

Christianity and Islam EssayChristianity and Islam be two very fundamental Religions in the world today. Although they celebrate very different things, some of the things they celebrate are very similar. at that place are many an another(prenominal)(prenominal) differences between both religions predominantly with the way they celebrate festivals. On the other slide by the rules that both religions follow are quite similar.Christianity stands as the most widespread religion with over 2 billion followers. Christians hope that there has only been one God and he is the one who created everything on the humans today. The main festivals that Catholics celebrate are Lent, Easter and Christmas. In Christianity these festivals are very momentous and are unendingly celebrated. The reason behind why Christians celebrate these festivals is because it reminds Christians the way Jesus lived his life up to when he passed away. In the Christian Religion there are different spiritual le aders starting with the Pope, Priests, Bishops and Jesus. Christians attend Churches to beseech to God and ask him for certain things but most substantially to celebrate significant days on the Catholic schedule.Islam began around 600AD in the Arabian Peninsula. The Islam community takes in one God called Allah. Islam was revealed to the prophet Mohammad in Mecca which is now modern-day Saudi Arabia. The key festivals that the Islamic community celebrate are called Ramadan which celebrates the gift of the Koran, Eid-al-Fitr which celebrates the first base day after Ramadan has been completed, Dhu Al-Hijia and lastly the Eid-al-adha which is the festival of Sacrifice which occurs 70 day after the ending of Ramadan. Mohammad is an important individual when it comes to the history of Islam. He was the first person to ever be revealed to Islam and after his death many spate began to follow Islam. His death gathered more people together and a wider community began to believe in the Religion of Islam. The Islamic community practices the five pillars of Islam which are Shahadah, Salaah, Zakat, Saum and Hajj.Ash Wednesday is the beginning of a 40 period which is called Lent. It is important because we follow Jesus journey in the desert where he was forced to immediate for 40 days. The age of Ash Wednesday becomes somewhat flexible as the date changes in the Liturgical Calendar. Sundays are not counted during the time of Lent which honours the Resurrection. Lent is a time of soul-searching and repentance. Traditionally on Ash Wednesday, Christians attend a mass where ashes are placed on their forehead as a sign or remorse and mourning. They are also the symbol of willingness to prepare themselves for the events which lead Easter. During Lent, Christians abstain from alimentation certain foods which they desire on a daily basis. In the Western Church, Christians have a style to to give up meat. The term readying is a personal act of devotion to God. It also he lps us remember God. Abstaining from something that you enjoy is designed to bring you closer to God and helps you become a better Christian. in like manner during Lent, the Catholic Church encourages Christians to give back to the community or all across the world by giving loose change or clothing to help the less fortunate.Ramadan is a period of time to abstain from ingest during daylight hours of the day this is only for people with a Islamic background. It is important to the Muslim community because it was the time where God declared the Koran to the prophet Mohammed. Ramadan occurs during the Ninth calendar month of the lunar calendar when a new moon is occurring. The fasting period of Ramadan is quite different compared to the fasting period of Lent. In Ramadan, the Muslim community it is only permitted for people to eat and drink during Sunrise and then break their fast by eating dates only again at sunset. Not only do they abstain from eating during certain times of the day, they do not smoke, they abstain from sexual intercourse, and devote a whole month to their Religion. Muslims find it very difficult to not eat during the day, especially mothers with younger children. These difficulties arise when you are esurient and preparing food for younger children as you become tempted into eating. Not everybody in the Muslim community need to discontinue from eating, children that have not hit puberty, pregnant women or breastfeeding women, people who are sick or people who are on a journey. Ramadan is designed to bring them closer to Allah, strengthen their willpower and self-control and is a test of self-discipline and faith.Christianity, Lent, Islam and Ramadan are very similar because their beliefs and festivals are very similar to each other although their Religions are very different. The things which the Muslim community believe in are surprisingly similar to what Christians believe in also.

Network Management System Essay Example for Free

net profit worry System EssayA Network Management System is a combination of softw are and ironware which is used for monitoring and powerful administration of a mesh. For all mesh topology which requires management of number of electronic network tasks to be integrated in a single software solution, there is a need of effective and efficient externalizening. It is the task of the network management system to locate network support, limit a influence on the activities and health of the network devices attached and provides exceptional handling mechanism in exhibition to nippy the administrator in cases of conditions which can hinder the performance of the network(Laudon Laudon,2007). NMS systems use many different kinds of protocols in amity their usage for example one of the commonly used is SNMP protocol which allows the gathering of development to be simplified for the administrator and users over the network from the devices attached in accordance to the netw ork hierarchy. The NMS software are answerable for problem identification along with the exact source of the problem and provide effective solutions in stray to prevent the problem from effecting the performance of the network.The NMS are also responsible for collecting the device data and poem in terms of statistics to keep a log of the performance of the network. This usually includes a library of protocols which armed service the administrator in the management of the network through the Network Management System software. For to make genuine there is a streamlined management of the network, either network is assigned a network manager.The network manager is responsible for monitoring the activities, methods which help the network tally which includes the procedures which are usually defined for every specific network and lastly, the use of tools which the network administrator/manager is well equipped with in order to control monitor and use in terms of exceptional handli ng over the network. The operation of the network manager is to deal with keeping the network up and running smoothly.This includes the task of finding out any problem and rectifying it in time to make sure all systems over the particular network are not affected by the downtime of the network. Maintenance of the network involves proper measures and preventive procedures and measures for the network to be running smoothly such as the task of adjusting device configuration parameters for systems on the network(Laudon Laudon,2007). A management information base (MIB) is defined as a virtual database which is used for management of the network activities over a communication network.They are often related with the SNMP protocol commonly known as Simple Network Management Protocol. it is commonly used to pass on to a meticulous subset, more appropriately referred to as MIB-module. Items in the MIB are distinct by means of a subset of Abstract Syntax Notation hotshot (ASN. 1) also know n as Structure of Management study Version 2 (SMIv2) RFC 2578 which performs the parsing for the MIB compiler on the network. The Remote Network Monitoring (RMON) for MIB was developed to sustain supervision and protocol scrutiny of the local demesne network.The unique versions centers on OSI Layer 1 and Layer 2 in sequence in Ethernet and minimum Ring system. It is unmitigated by RMON2 which appends maintenance for the Network Layer and Application Layer monitoring and by SMON which has added support for switched networks. Probing helps the system to examine and evaluate the network consistently and thus, helps the network manager to keep the network agents in check and up and running. The following diagram shows a reference architecture that lake herring Systems believes should be the minimal solution for managing a data network.This architecture includes a Cisco CallManager server for those who plan to manage Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) The diagram shows how you would integrate the CallManager server into the NMS topology. (CISCO, 2010). References CISCO. (2010). NETWORK prudence SYSTEM BEST PRACTICES WHITE PAPER . Retrieved July 13,2010 from http//www. cisco. com/en/US/tech/tk869/tk769/technologies_white_paper09186a00800aea9c. shtml Laudon Laudon, K C. , (2007), Management Information Systems. Pearson Education India

Enzymology and Catalytic Mechanism Essay Example for Free

Enzymology and Catalytic Mechanism EssayMany diseases and disorders atomic number 18 ca employ by defects in the molecular aim of mobile ph unitys and not just having to do with nutrition or other extrinsic factors ,in this report ,we forget specifically look at enzymes and their key role in susceptibility growthion and the cycles and serial publication of activities that make it possible for the human to function properly .Enzymes confirm four basic characteristics .They do not make a reaction occur that would not occur on its own, they just enhance and make it happen quicker. The enzyme pass on not be changed by the reaction, it may be changed during the process, alone the end product go forth exit the enzyme as it was when it started. Enyzmes can be used repeatedly. Enyzmes have specific substances in our bodies, so if enzymes tire emerget work properly, metabolism result not work properly. Enzymes do their work as catalyst by speeding up the process to improve per make upance. They lessen the activation energy devising producing products easier .Enzymes act on specific substances in our bodies. The enzymes will fit into the substance or substrate like a engross and key .Once it is with its certain substrate, it acts like a key and it unlocks the substrate and the substrate can do what it necessarily to do and thence the enzyme will releases from it and is not changed ,then it moves on to another substance. Heredity Fructose Intolerance is a specification that can be passed cut down through families ,in HFI,two copies of an abnormal gene argon present ,thus making it an auto recessive disorder, and frequently it is seen in person with let come forward a history of the disorder .HFI is a condition that affects levulose metabolism ,basically the metre of Aldolase Bs substrate ,F1P ,changes when Aldolase B is deficient or doesnt work at all. People that have this disorder do not have any symptoms if they do not ingest anyfructose ,wh ether orally or by IV .F1P is a product of fructokinase and substrate for Aldolase B ,when Aldolase B is not available ,we start to see symptoms of HFI .Aldolase B is only seen in the kidney, liver,and small intestines. An excellent way to see enzymatic roles in our bodies is by studying how Fructose is metabolized in our liver .It is a multiply step, complex process .The first step is the conversion of fructose to fructose 1-phosphate by fructokinase ,which causes the fructose to become trapped in the liver .Then,Fructose-1-phosphate undergoes the chemical reaction called hydrolysis by fructose-1-phosphate aldolase (aldolase B) to form dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and glyceraldehyde.This usage of fructose leads to either glycolysis for the drudgery of ATP or gluconeogenesis.Sanders, J. (2013) When fructose is taken into the consistence it is phosphorylated by fructokinase to make fructose 1 phosphate , Aldolase B then impels F1P breakdown into glyceraldehyde and DHAP,that ar e used to go on to make ATP through glycolysis or to be used for retention through gluconeogenesis(glycolysis in reverse) .Fructose 1 Phosphate is a product and substrate but also a signal and it send out an alert for high tear sugar and will send signals to report glucokinase to come out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm and wretcheder blood sugar by sending out glucose to the body. Our bodies usually only have fructose in the blood if we have an increase amount of glucose or high blood sugar ,this means we have elevated F1P levels and that is when glucokinase needs to be released .When F1P is low and our blood sugar is low and our blood glucose is low ,glucokinase will go into the nucleus.When the liver senses hypoglycemia, it produces glucose to be sent to liver cells .Glycolysis reverses to gluconeogenesis to produce glucose to be released in the blood. With HFI,if there is an abundance of F1P because there is no Aldolase B,then our blood sugar is low and the liver will not be picking up the phosphate and it is not being used glycogen breakdown will be slowed down and not much glucose will get produced and glucose will not be getting released, thats when you see symptoms of hypoglycemia .Also, symptoms of liver price will solution because there is no phosphate available for the ATP synthase ,because it is bound up ,the cells in the liver will die without the ATP production .If a person continues to ingest and not be able to metabolize the fructose a person can die .Symptoms of HFI are hypoglycemia,jaundic,nausea/vomiting, renal orliver damage or failure. .When bodies are overworked our breathing will speed up as we try to get much oxygen delivered to our body cells. Most of our energy is made through aerobic methods however, some situations need an speed up more energy than our bodies can effectively make. That is when our bodies will cause muscles to generate energy through glycolysis. During glycolysis, glucose breaks down into pyruvate.If ou r bodies have enough oxygen pyruvate is goes into an aerobic pathway to be broken down and used for energy. When we dont have enough oxygen, our body will temporarily change pyruvate into soak up and it will be sent through a cycle to change it to glucose. If there are high give suck levels in the muscle cells there will be a high level of acidity and other metabolites will be disrupted .The high take up levels do prevent permanent muscle damage when muscles are exerted by slowing the primary systems needed for muscle contraction, but when the body rest, oxygen becomes available and the lactate changes back to pyruvate, allowing move aerobic metabolism and energy for when a persons the body is recovering from an extreme corporeal exertion. In glycolysis, 2 ATP are produced to turn glucose into lactate, but in gluconeogenous, it takes 6 ATP to lactate back into glucose.In our muscles glucose can combine with oxygen to generate energy. If there is not any oxygen, the anaerobiotic breakdown of glucose is achieved through glycolysis however, ATP and Lactate are present through this process. In the normal armorial bearing of O2, glycolysis in muscle cells produces two units of ATP and two units of pyruvate. The two compounds provide the energy that enables a cell to perpetuate breathing through a series of chemical reactions called the Krebs cycle, also called the citric acid or tricarboxylic acid cycle. Oxidation pulls a carbon atom and 2 hydrogen atoms, water and carbon dioxide, out of the equation.Higa, M. (2015) In the absence of oxygen, enzymes can break down the glucose carbohydrate by fermentation. Dehydrogenase enzyme in muscle cells converts it into lactate and the amino acid alanine. The liver filters the lactate out of blood to reverse engineer it to pyruvate and then into glucose. time two ATP molecules are produced by glycolysis in the muscles, it costs the liver six ATP molecules to provender the cycle by gluconeogenesis. If the Cori Cycle occ urred in one cell, then glucose to lactate would make 2 ATP, but the lactate to glucose process would cost 6 ATP, this is a net loss of 4 ATP, if the cycle continued overand over then it would be a futile cycle.If there is any defect with the enzymes in the citric acid cycle ,the cycle will not continue to function as it should, every step has a specific role and a lot of the time the enzymes and products relay on one to function properly for the next step to occur, an example would be if citrate synthase did not occur or if there was a defect ,then Acetyl-CoA would not happen, nor would CoA,therefore ,the following steps in the CAC would not happen as they should and since it is a cycle, each part has to function properly. The biggest problem with a break in the CAC is that the ATP production is not possible because CAC products are sent to the Electron Transport Chain for Oxidative phosphorylation.During the ETC ,products from Citric acetous Cycle are sent to the matrix of the mi tochondria ,the workhouse of the eukaryotic cells ,and it is there ,that NADH and FADH2 are sent to a series of 4 complexes, first to complex 1 and then to complex 2 and then then both(prenominal) of them send their electrons to a co-enzyme ,named Q10, and then from there these products transfer to complex 3 and then to co-enzyme Cytochrome C and then complex 4 ,at this point these the electrons are given for oxygen to make water . This is called Aerobic Respirations. atomic number 8 takes the electrons and makes water and then the hydrogen ions are pumped out across the intra membranes space. The complex I, III, and pushes these hydrogen ions out .The next complex are called ATP synthase. These hydrogen ions move through this complex and they have energy and they take ADP and phosphate and make it in ATP. Sanders, J. (2013) If any enzyme in the CAC stops working the amount of ATP is affected, example would be if citrate synthase is not working properly then citrate would not be ma de, also CoA nor would Acetyl- CoA, which is the molecule that enters the CAC.Subsequently the entire cycle is disrupted and then the ETC will not have access to the products required for ATP production.SourcesSanders, J. (2013).Electron Transport Chain Retrieved from http//wgu.hosted.panopto.com/Panopto/Pages/ watcher/Default.aspx?id=9ec716ab-3610-47a4-bb37-41b4805935d6Gilbert, S. (2014).Enzymes Retrieved from http//www.biologyreference.com/Dn-Ep/Enzymes.htmlSanders, J. (2013) Aldolase B and Hereditary Fructose Intolerance. Retrieved from http//wgu.hosted.panopto.com/Panopto/Pages/Viewer/Default.aspx?id=ce81226c-d293-4232-997e-fb2957530367Higa, M. (2015) What is the Cori Cycle .Retrieved from http//www.wisegeek.com/what-is-the-cori-cycle.html

South Africa Essay Example for Free

southeasterly Africa EssayIn south-central Africa, civil disobedience was also strongly practiced. By simply looking back at south Africas history, it is indeed safe to say that civil disobedience is scantilyifiable. Apartheid in South Africa is a fact, and is also a part of world history. Apartheid is the main reason why civil disobedience, also considered passive resistance in South Africa, was practiced. Apartheid in South Africa was brought almost by the settlement of the whites in the country. The term separate learning was then used to categorize South Africans into three racial categories. These three categories included the Bantu, White and Colored. Bantu were the black Africans, White were the Americans and Colored were the people with mixed race. The laws under the apartheid system were harsh black Africans were not allowed to own shore up even when they were the natives of the country. The members of the White had power over more than 80% of the total land area of South Africa even when the whites were a minority during that time. What makes civil disobedience justifiable in South Africa was when black Africans were not allowed to come in contact with other races.The prohibition of sociable contact brought about other social injustice like race-specific jobs, separation of education standards, restricted powers and participation in social events (Robinson, 1999). The role of civil disobedience in the given examples is to save people from extreme hardship. It functioned as the setoff step towards resistance to social injustice. Civil disobedience is then preferred by a dole out of people all over the world because it is a form of peaceful rebellion.Given that some of the laws and platforms of a country are repressive and encouraging of violence, what kind of world will this world be if this is fought with fortify rebellion? That said, civil disobedience is a step towards a fair revolution and a just society.ReferencesAfrica Action. (200 6). Nonviolent Civil Disobedience Guide. Retrieved March 7, 2008 from http//www. africaaction. org/campaign_new/page. php? op=readdocumentid. DuBrin, D. (2008). What is the Role of Civil Disobedience Today? Retrieved March 7, 2008from www. pbs. org/newshour/ otiose/teachers/lessonplans/socialstudies/htm. Gandhi, M. (1921). Civil Disobedience. Retrieved March 7, 2008 from http//www. gandhimanibhavan. org/eduresources/article8. htm. Kamat, J. (2005). Indias Freedom Struggle Non-Cooperation and Civil Disobedience Movements. Retrieved March 7, 2008 from http//www. kamat. com/kalranga/freedom/movements. htm. Robinson, J. (1999). Africa. Retrieved March 7, 2008 from http//www. africanaencyclopedia. com/apartheid/apartheid. html.

Green materials Essay Example for Free

Green corporeals EssayGreen materials argon the preferred expression materials by surroundalists today. This is beca mapping they do not harm the environment in all way. They are materials that do not bring down the environment when used for construction (Dean 33-34). Some of them actually benefit the environment when used in construction, for example, park jackets tush cool the places around them and also help conserve water. The main advantage of using greenness materials is that available resources are used efficiently and thus prevent any harm either to the environment or to the health of the mint. The green materials are at first expensive to purchase, however, when viewed in the long turn tail they become cheap because they require very little amount of money to maintain un desire the new(prenominal) materials. They also have other benefits to the people who use them to construct the coordinates as well as the people who live in them. Some of the advantages ar e that the materials are safe to use and are not at risk of harming people for example triggering attacks for people with respiratory problems like bronchitis. Another advantage of green materials is that they do away with stale impart in our blank spaces and let fresh air circulate.There are several(prenominal) qualities that materials should possess in ready for them to qualify as green materials. The first quality is that the material should be able to be recycled (Salacuse 14-18). This check outs that the material is used efficiently over and over again. It also snips wastage due to the like reason. Materials produced by factories that use resources efficiently can be termed as green materials. These industries conserve energy and do not pollute the rivers through dumping harmful waste in it or pollute the air through harmful fumes released in it.Materials used for construction should be easily available since this saves the price of ferrying them to the construction site . They should also be long lasting since this will save construction be in the long run. Green buildings are structures build in such(prenominal) a manner that they use energy very efficiently. They are usually built using green materials. Green buildings should use materials that are not harmful or capable of irritating people who use the building. Such materials can demand people with respiratory illnesses or those who are allergic to them.Other materials used for construction may pass smells that make the air inside the building be of poor quality. The materials used should also be repelling to rotting. Green buildings are very good modes of conserving energy. There are several ways in which they can do so. Energy can be conserved by positioning a structure,when constructing, in such an angle that it makes the maximum use of the available natural light. This is very essential during seasons like winter where any heat conserved can save cost. One can also decide to use ligh t source appliances that consume low energy, for example energy saving bulbs,to conserve energy.Green buildings are also good modes of conserving water. This is done by harnessing the available water and preventing waste. Green buildings should have gutters that harness rainwater which can be used for other functions like irrigation. The plumbing in the house or structure should be built in such a way that it facilitates recycling of water. This water can be used for irrigation or else of it going to waste. Toilets should be constructed in such a way that they use as little water as possible in order to conserve it. Showers should also be constructed in a sympathetic way.Floors can be made of locally available materials ensuring low costs are incurred in construction. To ensure success in construction of green buildings, one should do thorough research on the radiation diagram of the structure and materials that will be used to construct the building. One should have enough funds for the construction process to prevent the construction work stalling mid way. The research for materials should contain information roughly the disposition of materials to be used, how long they are expected to last and how much they will cost (Smith 18-19).The next step involves confirming whether the information provided about the nature of materials is accurate. It should also contain information about whether the material can be recycled. This can be confirmed from the manufacturers of the products. Any additional information about the nature of the materials can also be useful. One should employ professionals to do the construction work in order to ensure the work done meets the set standards. A green roof is the roof of a structure that is covered with brings.Plants are planted on top of the roof of the structure, on a layer of soil, nevertheless there is an insulation between the layer of the soil and the roof to ensure that moisture from the roots of the plant does n ot penetrate and damage the roof. One advantage of a green roof is that it helps in the caution of rain water since the plants use it instead of it going to waste (McClure 77-79). The green roof also helps reduce heat in places where it is constructed, by providing shade. The third advantage of the plants is that they prolong the life of a roof. The green roof also helps filter sound thus minimizing sound pollution.Green homes have higher value in terms of money than other homes since demand for green homes is rising. They are cheaper to construct as they cut the costs for insulation and the gutter. One challenge of the use of green materials is that the purchasing costs are high, though it is sole(prenominal) high in the short run. Another challenge is that many people who do not like embracing change do not want to experiment with new products (Wells 55-57). For green roofs, the challenge is that the roofs are likely to be heavy especially when it rains and will thus require str ong support to founder it up which may be expensive.Green roofs are also more likely to suffer damage than ordinary roofs since things like diseases can wipe out the entire plants. Below are some illustrations screening different types of roof houses. In conclusion, any person who is constructing a building should use green materials as these are environmentally friendly and cannot harm people. Conservation of the environment ensures better health to both the owners of the home as well as all humanity in general. This will benefit not barely the current race but the future race.Source http/www. lid-stormwater. net/images/greenroof1. jpg Source http/www. asla. org/roofgreening/images

The under achievement of boys in Language Learning

The under achievement of boys in Language LearningFor many years, look into has been carried protrude in the field of applied linguals, pre governingly from a psychological perspective, on the attitudes towards inter subject speech po beationing sexual urge issues as chief(prenominal) in understanding attitudes towards skill (Po surface Batters, 1985 Loulidi, 1990 Bacon Finnemann, 1992 Ellis, 1994 Clark Trafford, 1995, 1996), sited in Kobayashi 2002181). Gender differences in attitudes towards study in assign vocabularys have been repeatedly witnessed, compelling researchers to provide an explanation for the detail by drawing attention on the ship canal that sex activity may affect unitarys attitude in precept a outside(prenominal) speech. strange dustups in schools have been rendered as the subject in which the disparity amidst girls and boys performance is at its superlative (Barton (2002), sited in Murphy 201081). Considerable international data has emerged (Field, 2000 Chavez, 2001 Carr and Pauells, 2006), illustrating that achievement and participation in foreign nomenclatures in schools expects to be predominantly the domain of girls (Murphy, 2010). The underachievement of boys in address accomplishment, the low participation of boys in exotic language modules as s tumesce the negative attitudes of boys towards the learnedness of a language has guide in research nerve-racking to separate the underlying reasons. The gender gap noniced in performance on foreign languages at an international level (Murphy, 2010), has led in gender to be considered different than the socioeconomic background of students, similarly an important stationor in understanding the attitudes of both girls and boys in schooling foreign languages at school.This study seeks to explore and bring together the mingled factors affecting boys attitudes towards the learning of a language. It attempts to understand why foreign language learning may be experiencing a particular delineation of participation and achievement on gender lines and to raise aw beness of the issue of boys and foreign language learning. Moreover, this paper sh on the whole draw attention on the various methods that teachers could employ in fuck in to motivate boys and raise their affaire and achievement.Boys and foreign language learningNowadays, due to an enormous amount of statistical further it is widely accepted that boys perform less(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) well than girls in all kinds of schools with the greatest gap install in foreign languages (Murphy, 2010). Davies (2004) transmits out that researchers over the then(prenominal) decade (Barton, 2002 Jones Jones, 2002 Clark Trafford, 1996) have noted, in particular, that the disparity in performance mingled with boys and girls is significantly greater in modern languages than in other beas of the curriculum. The option of learning a foreign language is not interpreted s eriously by boys in schools with the majority of them refusing it or not fully becoming engaged with it (Murphy, 2010). Clark (1998) and Chavez (2001) beseech that in reality, from the moment foreign language study breaks optional and as the study of foreign languages become much than(prenominal)(prenominal) advanced in school systems, schoolrooms across the English language dominant communities of the world ar inhabited primarily by girls(Murphy, 201081). Data taken from the UK, Australia and New Zealand shows the low participation of boys in foreign language learning. At advanced levels of foreign language learning in schools across these keep downries boys only count 24-38% of all students with an average of only 33% of male participation (Muprhy, 2010).In the UK specifically, the gender-gap in achievement among several(prenominal) subjects has been recognized by the government which in the Standards for Qualified Teacher Status has made explicit eccentric of the disti nctive admits of boys and girls (Murphy, 2010) leading in teachers having as one of their main targets the development of strategies to respond to the unalike needs (Davies, 2004). It has been noticed that boys in the UK educational system generally have less favourable attitudes towards foreign language learning than girls and are less liable(predicate) to take a language in a globe examination (Pritchard, 198765). Davies (2004), points out that in 2000 the average size of the gender gap across subjects (i.e. girls results deduction boys) was 9.2%, which prompted headlines such as Girls stay top of the split in GCSEs (Guardian) and GCSE results reveal that boys are failing to limiting the gender gap (Independent). The GCSE results in 2001 and 2002 have shown that the gender gap across all subjects is persisting at 9% with a higher figure of 15.6% in modern languages indicating that boys are underperforming to a greater extent severely in this subject a phenomenon also confir med by the Nuffield Languages dubiousness (Davies 2004). For example, in 2000, statistics showed 44% of boys achieved grades A*-C in cut whereas 60% of girls achieved those marks. Comparable results were found in German with 49% of boys achieving Grades A*-C compared to 63% of girls in the same year (Davies, 2004).Bradford and Noble (2000) point out that an examination of the GCSE (General Certificate of Secondary Education) results as well as A-levels confirms that girls do far break out than boys in foreign languages. Davies (2004) argues that if GCSE results serve as an indicator of linguistic performance that means that although statistics have shown some impart since 1992, the gender gap remains wide. In all secondary school subjects, modern languages are the most likely to be dropped by boys at appoint stage 4, creation the least popular amongst the other subjects (Bradford Noble 2000).Main ConcernsThe above facts have led in a considerable amount of concern to be expr essed about the underachievement of boys in various subjects, especially foreign languages (Williams et al. 2002). As we enter the next millennium, it is the underachievement of boys that has become one of the biggest challenges facing society at once (Wragg (1997), sited in Williams et al. 2002508).A major concern is that due to the increasing disproportion between the percentage of girls and boys taking public examination in the five most popular languages taught in the UK (Powell 1979 Hawkins 1981) the profession of language teaching is becoming increasingly feminized (Pritchard, 1987). fit to Pritchard (1987), this is also a matter of concern as it means that few and fewer boys are likely to be available for training as future language teachers, a fact which makes it increasingly possible that boys go forth be taught predominantly by women teachers (Pritchard, 1987 65). In turn this is more likely to enhance the perception of boys that languages are a girl subject contributin g in the maintenance of a vicious circle leading in boys underachievement in languages (Pritchard, 1987).This leads in further concerns a arise as language learning may be seen as a pick out component in pursuing the objectives of co-operation between states, repute for the identity of others and the promotion of mutual understanding (Moys (1998), sited in Williams et al. 2002508). concord to Graddol (1997), we move into an era where peoples future will need to be based on multilingualism in that respectfore such a situation has severe consequences (Williams et al., 2002). The Nuffield Inquiry points to the need for foreign languages in the new century from a European perspective, from a business stance, and beca custom of the rising need for international converse and highlights the fact that many employees in Europe can speak a second, third and fourth language. Speaking English alone will not be enough to visit a full and productive participation in the 21st Century (Graddo l (1997), sited in Williams et al., 2002).Moreover, Williams et al. (2002) point out that both the Department for Trade and Industry (DTI) and the Nuffield Inquiry maneuver that there is a need for foreign language as the lack of it has been a major barrier in business. The Nuffield Inquiry identifies that there is an short(p) supply of language skills available to industry across a range of languages and points out that UK companies are more deficient in linguistic and cultural competence than their major European competitors. It recommends that in arrange to drive international understanding and contribute to economic success the government should show load in reach a national policy agenda for languages and enhance international dimension in education (Williams et al., 2002).Reviewing the reasonsTo be able to deal with these issues one (either that is the government, school or teachers) must be aware of the personal, interpersonal and external factors leading in boys opting out or underachieving in foreign language learning. As complying to the component of National Statistics (1999) girls consistently outperform boys both in GCSE and A-Levels in modern languages there must be mainly gender differences that cause this consistency.Muprhy (2010) argues that efforts to understand and to explain the effect of gender on language learning, and in this case in particular foreign-language learning, can generally be categorised into the traditional binary organize of either nature or nurture (Murphy, 201089). According to Murphy (2010), differences in language learning between girls and boys may be attributed to two positions namely, the essentialist and anti-essentialist position.The essentialist position con endures that there are innate and inherent brain differences between females and males, which result in different language learning abilities for the two sexes (Young and Brozo (2001), sited in Murphy, 2010). According to the essentialist position, li nguistic information goes directly to the seat of language processing in the female brain, whereas males use sensory machinery to do a great deal of work in untangling linguistic data resulting in more incompetent processing of language (Murphy, 201089). As per this perspective girls are qualified with possessing other innate characteristics that realize them advantage in foreign language classes i.e. enhanced aural, oral and memory skills as well as affectionate and collaborative learning styles, intrinsic motivation and concentration (Murphy, 2010).Cecco and Shaw (2008), point out that according to brain research brains develop differently according to gender take down before we are born, with females having more language centres and males having more visuo-spatial centres. Moreover, they point out that there are three preferred ways of learning i.e. auditory, opthalmic and kinaesthetic, with the visual and kinaesthetic learners processing information mainly from the right s ide of the brain, the dominant side in boys learning. According to Noble et al. (2001), verbal and linguistic intelligence required for language learning is linked to the auditory learning the weakest style in boys (Cecco and Shaw, 2008).The anti-essentialist position holds a socio-cultural perspective contending that gender is about socially constructed maleness and maidenlikeness and the performance of same (Murphy, 2010). Carr and Pauwels (2006) argue that it is generally accepted that enduring hegemonic versions of masculinity in society accord unforesightful importance to the oracy skills, personal expression, disclosure, introspection, exploration and literate practices, which form the bedrock of foreign language classroom practice (Carr and Pauwels (2006), sited in Murphy, 201089). According to this perspective, language classrooms therefore involve ways of working and learning, which contradict the dominant versions of masculinity, that frame many males out-of-school non plus (Gilbert and Gilbert 1998 Hall and Coles 2001, sited in Murphy, 2010). As males of school-going age experience particular imperativeness to be accepted, to align and to perform hegemonic versions of masculinity many males will avoid, dismiss and deflect peer-disdained activities (Rankin et al., 2004) of which foreign language is one, with the resulting consequences for relative male participation and achievement (Murphy, 2010).According to Cecco and Shaw (2008), the factors for gender differences explained by nurture cover various learned attitudes and behaviours that search often to be modelled unconsciously. Minns (1991) argues that social and cultural attitudes about gender are learnt from birth and are modelled and reinforced, often unconsciously, by parents and other significant adults, including teachers (Minns 1991, sited in Cecco and Shaw 200811). Bleach (1998) also argues that socialisation towards particular roles takes place based on the adult version of appropria te behaviour (Cecco and Shaw, 2008).According to Barton (1997), differentiation between the sexes from birth is inevitable and important as our identity is determined by the companionship of our sex. Most parents encourage behaviours appropriate to the childs gender e.g. males are expected to be more noisy and courageous whereas girls are supposed to be passive and dependent to others. The toys and games given to children nature the characteristics conforming each gender. e.g. cars and building kits foster creativity and spatial awareness whereas dolls, teady bears or domestic appliances such as cookers mostly jibe human or animal support (Barton, 1997). Therefore, Barton (1997) argues that if we consider the prerequisites for language learning, it becomes clear that girls toys, promoting human contact and communication, give them girls an prompt advantage over boys (Barton, 199711).Moreover, it is argued that role models in the abode have an influence in the childs life and ways of learning (Barton, 1997). The male figure model is more practical and goes out to work passing(a) whereas the female prepares meals, takes care of the children and doesnt work so hard. Even where children live in an environment which does not conform to domestic norms they may be influenced by those stereotypes through the media. Therefore, their learning is also influenced as girls are meant to sit down and abuse their brains whereas boys are meant to move about. (Barton, 1997)Furthermore, studies have showed that both parents and teachers interactions with children can either consciously or otherwise endorse the different approaches of the two sexes to language use (Barton, 1997). Fagots (1977) study revealed that teachers interactions with girls were more verbal whereas they tended to uniting in with boys number (Barton, 1997). Boys unwillingness to take heed to others as well as the challenge required by them in order to get motivated do not enable them to perform we ll in language learning as the lesson makes demands of them that are inconsistent with the linguistic role normally expected of them by the society (Barton, 1997).Moreover, peer embrace is considered to be an important social factor affecting the attitudes of boys towards learning a language. Youngs research (1994) offers much in support of the view that learner perceptions and experience of peer attitudes concerning school, education, foreign language learning in general or the learning of a particular language in question may exert considerable influence on the individuals own FLL orientation, attitudes and motivation (Bartram, 200647). Also, Walqui (2000) argues that teenage peer pressure usually has a negative effect on language learning due to the performance portion involved in this learning which may provoke feelings of insecurity and embarrassment (Bartram, 2006). According to Barton (1997) male adolescents will, no doubt, find it much more difficult than females to relinq uish their hold on their primary means of communication and expose their breaking voices to their peers ridicule (Barton, 199712).The fact that males have a need to show off and be thought as successful does not allow them to get involved with something that would make them feel unsteady or embarrassed. Boys think success is sad, and that image is all-important (Hofkins, (1995), siten in Barton, 199712).In addition, peer group pressure is considered be a key reason for the demotivation of boys in learning languages as according to Court (2001) boys need to assert their emerging sexual identity (Bartram, 2006). Due to the feminised associations of language learning boys usually reject it or do not get involved with it. Barton (1997) argues that making clear ones sexual identity and appearing one of the lads is, it seems, foremost in the male adolescent mind and is often achieved by appearing uninterested and hyperbolize of missed homework (Barton, 199712). In their momentous study of psychological research published, Jacklin and Macoby (1974) came to the conclusion that boys are more susceptible to peer pressure than girls with teachers and advisors investigating male underachievement coming up with remarkably similar findings (Barton, 1997).The fact that boys need to assert their sexual identity can be supported by studies into attitudes and motivation towards learning different languages in the UK. Chambers reported a differential rise in the number of students enter for GCSE examinations in French (4%) and German (22%) between 1991 and 1994 (Williams et al., 2002). Philips and Filmer-Sankeys (1993) findings showed that the majority of pupils of both sexes preferred learning German to learning French and that more boys than girls showed an interest in learning German. According to Barton (1997), this is due to the fact that German has a masculine image and is viewed as more useful by boys for industry and commerce.Interviews of students have revealed that French is considered powder-puff and not cool for boys to make an effort in learning French (Williams et al., 2002). In the popular mental imagery French would be associated with fine wines, good cooking, haute couture and luxurious perfumes all either domestic or distaff in orientation whereas German language is associated in pupils minds with masculine-type imagery such as war, harshness, strictness, shouting, the Nazis and Hitler (Pritchard, 198765). The fact that French is considered as womanly is considered to contribute in the low motivation and achievement of boys in French as they do not wish to harm their image and sexual identity.Furthermore, the fact that the most popular and widely taught language in the UK is French is particularly offputting boys who are far less inclined than girls to see French as useful to them in a future job or course of study (Powell and Littlewood, 1983) (Pritchard, 1987). Moreover, there has been evidence to suggest that boys rate French a s more difficult (Clark Trafford, 1996), less important (Powell Batters, 1985) and less relevant to their future lives than girls (Pritchard, 1987) (Court, 20017).Stables and Wikeley (1999) found that other reasons putting boys off involve the belief that modern languages are difficult and that they are not required for international communication. Although science and mathematics may also be considered as difficult, boys view the effort as necessary due to the importance of the qualification. Stables and Wikeley (1999) point out that Employers do not, in general, require GCSE in a modern language to be more exact, pupils seem little aware that they might. Thus the difficulty that many pre-GCSE pupils seem to find with modern foreign languages is not depart in many cases by the belief that the effort is really worthwhile (Stables and Wikeley, 199930). Moreover, Stables and Wikeley (1999) argue that in the UK where the home language is also the dominant international language, mot ivation to learn is inevitably less than in countries where affliction to speak other languages is seen as severely personally limiting. As members of a national culture with robust international standing, pupils may also lack motivation in the form of curiosity about other national cultures (Stables and Wikeley, 1999).What also seems to de-motivate male students in learning foreign languages is the lesson content itself as well as the assessment methods used. Barton (1997) points out that features of the language lesson may seem as a threat to male identity. construe fictional novels, that is considered as a feminine activity, puts boys off as they prefer informative texts such as newspapers, articles and comics a thing which needs to be bared in mind by teachers and educators. Moreover, as duologue is crucial in learning a language, boys usually hesitate to get involved as dialogues indicate vulnerability (Barton, 1997). Boys usually hesitate to ask for directions or correctio ns. In an investigation into patterns of interactions in foreign language classes, Sunderland (1998) found that even if boys did talk more, the girls exhibited more sophisticated interactions, and actively created learning opportunities for themselves and took advantage of those the teacher provided them with (Sunderland (1998), sited in Williams et al. 2002508) Furthermore, due to the fact that boys from a young age are not taught to sit still and listen but to search for the experience, they are unable to concentrate on language tasks, leading in teachers plain about boys attitude in the classroom (Barton, 1997).Moreover, Jones and Jones (2001) have found that boys see modern languages as different from other subjects mainly because of the important position of the teacher in the language classroom and that boys who are underperforming tend to see the teacher as responsible for the difficulties they are having because the pedagogy of modern languages is so teacher-centred ( Cecc o and Shaw, 20087).In addition, Cecco and Shaw (2008) point out that boys attributes are not particularly favoured by the requirements of coursework, i.e. sustained effort, process as well as outcome and often a considerable amount of well-presented written work. Although exams themselves may suit boys sudden bursts of effort, national awards in recent years have incorporated increased amounts of coursework. However, Arnot et al. (1998) argue that fairness to all learners involves a variety of assessment modes so that all pupils have opportunities to produce their best performance (Cecco Shaw, 2008).Other factors that seem to contribute in the underachievement of boys include the sex of the teacher as well as teacher expectations. As mentioned in the previous section most language teachers are females and this is considered to perpetuate the myth that languages are feminine subjects. However, Clark and Traffords recent survey showed that students ascribed more importance to teacher s personalities than to their sex and many boys in Powell and Batters study preferred a female teacher because it contributed to their overall perception of languages as an easy, non-serious subject (Barton, 1997). On the other hand it is argued that a boy who is susceptible to peer pressure (found most commonly in the weaker sets) will not be highly motivated to set himself apart from his fellows and affiliate himself with a subject dominated by feminine connotations (Barton, 1997 13).In addition, the fact that the gender-gap in language learning is widely acknowledged as well as boys attitudes towards the subject often leads in teachers organism either consciously or unconsiously biased towards their students. Although there is not much evidence to support this it is argued that teachers will focus their attention on the girls, expect that the boys will not be interested in continuing their study of a feminine subject (Barton, 199714). This leads in enhancing both their belief th at foreign languages are feminine and their negative attitudes towards the language.Raising boys achievementThe above factors discussed lead into boys being de-motivated to learn the language resulting in their underachievement. The findings of a group of PGCE students at Goldsmiths College conducting interviews in two schools to ask boys why they thought girls did better at ModernLanguages predictably showed poor motivation as a key factor Us boys dont take it seriously. Some days, I just think oh its French today and I aint going to try very hard if I dont want. (Harris, 199857) Cecco and Shaw (2008) point out that motivation is a central component to successfully acquire knowledge and that lack of motivation can hinder learning whereas being motivated can greatly enhance it. Particularly welcome is the assumption that motivation can be increased or decreased that it is not a unitary characteristic of which learners have a striation or a little (Cecco and Shaw, 20086) The issue o f motivation has always been on the agenda in language learning. In order to raise boys motivation educators and teachers need to be aware of the motivational conditions identified by psychologists and also have an insight into the ways boys learn in order to modify the classroom stage setting to meet boys learning needs.According to Cecco and Shaw (2008), three sets of motivational conditions identified by Dornyei (1994) have also been found useful for providing a framework for the classroom context. These are a) course-specific motivational components which relate to the motivational influence of the syllabus, teaching materials, teaching methods and learning activities, b) teacher-specific motivational components which relate to the teacher-pupil relationship, the teachers approach to the management of behaviour, the promotion of the sharing of ideas between pupils as well as between teacher and pupils and the provision of motivating feedback and c)group-specific motivational co mponents which relate to the dynamics of the learning group, its participation in collaboration, its shared goals and shared norms of behaviour (Cecco and Shaw, 2008).As far as how boys learn, Hannan (1996) offers an insight into the regular boy learner and cites the following characteristics. Boys are doers first and thinkers second, they have a shorter concentration span, they get slowly bored, they have weaker listening and verbal skills as well as social and collaborative skills, they have less ability to organize and plan work, they are highly influenced by their peer group and they seek immediate gratification.In the following paragraphs, by having in mind the reasons for boys underachievement, the motivational conditions and the ways in which boys learn, various ways that could help raise their motivation shall be discussed. Although as has been discussed social norms to a great extend seem to affect boys attitudes towards language learning, some steps could be made on the part of teachers in order to enhance boys motivation and achievement.According to Ofsted (2003), improving the achievement of boys is a complex matter in which interlinked factors play important parts including a appointed learning ethos, good teaching and classroom management, close monitor of individuals and effective support for learning. Ofsted (2003) argues that these factors are significant in all schools and are relevant to girls as well as boys (OfSTED, 2003). It must be noted that the strategies suggested should not disadvantage the learning of girls but to incorporate them so that they enhance boys participation and involvement.Taken that boys underachieve in languages, due to the fact that they are considered to be feminine, teachers should encourage an atmosphere that would raise boys will to participate. Boys perceive languages as feminine as they consider girls to be better at them and as the majority of them consider typical topics like wine, cooking and haute coutur e to be feminine in orientation (Pritchard, 198769) What can be through with(p), therefore, is to provide challenging exercises and integrate materials that attract boys attention such as articles, newspapers and comics (Noble and Bradford, 2000). As boys like challenge, challenging activities shall get them involved e.g. giving them team quizzes about the set texts and bond this with competition. Moreover, as boys tend to read non-fiction, including articles that involve sports, technology or hobbies would probably lead to more commitment to reading by boys. Increasing the choice of reading resources available in the language classroom is essential, as this would show consideration of boys preferences. Diversity in the materials used is required to meet both the needs of boys and girls (Noble and Bradford, 2000).Moreover, although language teachers are usually biased, they should not allow this to let them treat boys differently from girls. By devoting their attention to girls as suming boys are uninterested in the learning of the language would have indirect implications for boys achievement as less attention would mean less language opportunities (Court, 2001). Even though studies (Spencer, 1998) have found that boys get around 2/3 of teachers attention during class much of it is negative as it arises from discipline problems appearing to receive less praise than girls (Harris, 1998). Harris argues that insensitive feedback may serve only to foster the macho image that boys are tough and you dont need to worry about hurting their feelings (Harris, 19861). Instead teachers should encourage the participation of boys into the lesson and praise them for their involvement without harming their image. However, Harris (1998) suggests that due to the nature of peer pressure this should not always be praised in front of the class as it may not be seen as cool but should also be done also on an individual basis either on an individual basis or positive comments on homework. Without it boys shall remain unmotivated, behave badly and produce poor quality work, becoming even more convinced that they are not good at languages and feel justified by making even less effort.In addition, teachers should allow boys to do things rather than being more teacher-centered. According to Harris (1998), this would give them more flexibility to really adapt things to their way of learning. Graham and Rees (1995) suggest that boys need to have some consciousness of control because by learning what they feel they need to know in a way that is appropriate for them accelerates their learning (Harris, 1998).The Ofsted report Boys and English (1993) concluded that boys performance remedys when they have a clear understanding of the progress they need in order to achieve (Harris, 1998). Harris (1998) suggests that clear and explicit guidelines should be given to boys in order to help them progress and that it is not enough to offer pupils greater independence in th eir learning. Teachers should also correspond them with the tools or strategies that will enable them to go about it. Nunan (1995) points out it is a mistake to assume that learners come into the language classroom with a natural ability to make choices about what and how to learn (Numan (1995), sited in Harris, 199858). OMalley and Chamot (1990) identify three types of strategies that the teachers should help the boys to develop metacognitive strategies which deal with planning and evaluating learning, cognitive strategies which deal with grappling directly with the language itself and social and affective strategies through which the learner interacts with others or controls their own emotional response to the learning situation (Harris, 1998). According to Ofsted (1993), female students use more learning strategies than males and use them more often therefore it is important for teachers to intervene systematically with some strategy instruction to enable boys to develop their l earning strategies (Harris, 1998). By ontogeny these strategies boys shall be able to control their own learning. Rather than feeling that there is nothing they can do about their lack of success other than give up, it makes explicit what can be done to improve and locates the responsibility firmly on them (Harris, 199859).In addition, we have noted earlier that boys tend to like audio-visual work. Incorporating the use of computers in the language classroom would not only be see